Forms of
Communication
Communication is the
transfer of ideas and information from one person to another person. It is a
bridge of meaning among people so that they can share what they fell and know.
By using this bridge, a person can safely cross the river of misunderstanding
that sometimes separates people. To make successful communication there are different methods/ ways:
(A) On the basis of location of the receiver: Depending on the location of the receiver there are
two types of communication:
1. Internal Communication
2. External Communication
1. Internal Communication:
Communication among the members of an organization is known as internal communication. That is when executives and
employee of an organization communicate each other within the organization then
it will be labeled as internal
communication.
2. External Communication: When executives and employees of an
organization communicates or exchanges information with outsiders of the
organization then it is called external communication.
Both internal and external communication can be subdivided into two
types:
i. Formal Communication
ii. Informal Communication
i. Formal Communication: When
information exchanged through formal organization channels by following fixed
rules then it is knows as formal communication.
ii. Informal Communication: Fixed
rules and system cannot prevent people from talking with each other. Thus the
communication that takes place within and
outside of an organization through unofficial lines can labeled as informal
communication.
(B) On the basis of media of presentation: From this point of view communication can be of three
types:
(1) Written communication
(2) Oral / Verbal Communication
(3) Non-Verbal Communication
(1) Written Communication: When information, ideas, or feelings exchange
in written form that is known as written communication. Written communication
has its own importance and for some particular purposes it has no other alternatives.
(2) Oral / Verbal Communication: It is a process of communication
through words. Verbal communication consists of words arranged in meaningful
patterns. Oral communication normally takes place in a face to face situation.
It may be formal or informal.
(3) Non-Verbal Communication: Communication
without using words or writings known as non-verbal communication. In other
words, non-verbal communication means communication through physical movements
and facial expressions. Gestures, posture, eye movements, etc. are examples of
non-verbal communication.
(C) On the Basis of Information flow: Depending on the flow of information there are different types of communication:
(1) Vertical Communication
(2) Horizontal Communication
(3) Cross / Diagonal Communication
(1) Vertical Communication: When
communication takes place between superior and subordinates than it is known as
vertical communication. Here flow of information can be of two types:
(i) Downward
(ii) Upward
(i) Downward: it is the flow
of information from higher authority to lower authority.
(ii) Upward: Here the flow of
information goes to higher authority from subordinates.
(2) Horizontal Communication: This
type of communication flows between employees of equal level.
(3) Cross / Diagonal Communication: Communication across the
formal chain of command is known as cross or diagonal communication. In this
case executives and employees of different departments and of different levels
communicate each other without maintaining the official channels.
(D) Other forms of Communication: Besides the above types of communication there
can be some other forms of communication like mass communication.
Mass Communication: When
communication takes place among large group of people then it can be termed as mass communication. There is no formal system for mass communication, it is situational.
For different social and political purposes mass communication can takes place.
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